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HVACR Lubrication Selector Matrix

Refrigeration Oil – HVACR Lubrication Selector

HVACR Lubrication Selector Matrix

Getting the right refrigeration oil into a machine is a sequence, not a guess: refrigerant first, then compressor architecture, then viscosity grade, and only then a part number. This selector matrix runs that sequence in order and lands on the QISHANR 5GS ISO VG 100 naphthenic mineral lubricant, a heavy-duty refrigeration compressor oil built for screw, reciprocating and semi-hermetic machines. Work the four steps below with your own duty data and the shortlist collapses to a single grade.

ISO VG 100 · 100 cSt @ 40 °C
Flash point 190 °C (COC)
Wax-free naphthenic · <0.5 % wax
1 L pack · MOQ 10 PCS
QISHANR 5GS Premium Heavy-Duty Mineral Refrigeration Oil 1L - ISO 100 Naphthenic Compressor Lubricant
Step 1

Start with the refrigerant, not the viscosity number

The refrigerant decides which base-oil chemistry is even allowed to circulate. Pick your refrigerant below to see the mandatory mineral / POE / PAG family and where the QISHANR 5GS grade sits inside that rule.

R717 · Ammonia R22 · HCFC R290 · Propane R600a · Isobutane CFC / Legacy HCFC

R717 · Ammonia

Mandatory base-oil chemistry

Ammonia is effectively immiscible with mineral oil, so the circuit does not rely on dissolved oil transport. Naphthenic mineral oil is the conventional pairing, and the system depends on efficient separation plus gravity or mechanical oil return instead of miscibility.

Where 5GS stands

R717 is listed among the compatible refrigerants on the 5GS product page. Its 918 kg/m³ density at 20 °C gives predictable phase behaviour in R22 and R717 circuits, which is what makes oil-separator sizing and gravity return through vertical risers workable.

Decision rule: immiscible refrigerant → mineral chemistry → viscosity set by compressor architecture, not by miscibility.

R22 · HCFC

Mandatory base-oil chemistry

HCFC systems are conventionally paired with naphthenic mineral or alkylbenzene mineral oils. The moment a system is converted to an HFC blend, the requirement flips to POE — a different oil family entirely.

Where 5GS stands

R22 is listed as a compatible refrigerant. Because the base oil is wax-free with less than 0.5 % wax, the oil-refrigerant mixture keeps flowing at evaporator temperatures as low as -40 °C and maintains oil return on piping runs exceeding 50 metres.

Decision rule: HCFC → mineral chemistry → viscosity set by load, shaft size and discharge temperature.

R290 · Propane

Mandatory base-oil chemistry

R290 (propane) sits in the natural-refrigerant family, where mineral-oil chemistry remains the established pairing in the equipment that runs on it.

Where 5GS stands

R290 appears in the product's compatible refrigerant list. Because published duty data varies by machine, confirm evaporator temperature, compressor type and piping run with our engineers before treating the grade as fixed.

Decision rule: natural refrigerant → mineral chemistry → confirm duty parameters before ordering.

R600a · Isobutane

Mandatory base-oil chemistry

R600a (isobutane) is handled with mineral-oil chemistry in the compressors designed for it, with small charge volumes and sealed circuits.

Where 5GS stands

R600a is listed among the compatible refrigerants. On small sealed circuits the viscosity decision is driven by the compressor type rather than by the refrigerant, so step through the architecture table next.

Decision rule: small sealed circuit → mineral chemistry → viscosity by architecture.

CFC / Legacy HCFC

Mandatory base-oil chemistry

Legacy CFC and HCFC equipment still in service was designed around mineral (naphthenic) oils. Retrofitting a different family into those machines changes oil return and miscibility behaviour.

Where 5GS stands

CFCs and HCFCs are both listed in the compatible refrigerant set. For a legacy machine, match the grade to the original OEM viscosity first, then verify the property gates.

Decision rule: legacy circuit → mineral chemistry → match OEM grade first, then verify gates.
Step 2

Machine architecture decides what the oil must do

Two systems can share a refrigerant and still demand completely different oil behaviour. This table maps hardware to lubrication regime, bearing load and whether dielectric strength is a hard requirement.

Architecture Lubrication regime Bearing load Dielectric strength Viscosity direction
SC Water-cooled screw Full-film hydrodynamic at main and thrust bearings, fed under pressure High, continuous Not a hard requirement — motor is normally external Rises with shaft diameter and discharge temperature
RC Reciprocating Boundary mixed with hydrodynamic film at crankpin and rod bearings Very high at peak stroke Critical only when the motor sits in the refrigerant stream Sized on discharge temperature and load factor
SL Scroll Mixed film at tip seals and bearings, low pulsation Moderate Not a hard requirement on open machines Mid range; step up with load and discharge heat
SH Semi-hermetic Mixed to hydrodynamic in a refrigerant-diluted oil sump Moderate to high Yes — hard requirement, motor windings contact the oil Both dielectric and viscosity gates must pass

General architecture guidance. Your specific grade is confirmed against the 5GS specification table in Step 4.

Step 3

The ISO VG ladder and where the GS series sits on it

ISO 3448 places grades on a fixed scale. Two QISHANR GS grades occupy known rungs, and the jump between them is what most heavy-duty screw work hinges on.

ISO VG 32

Light end of the scale, generally associated with low-load, low-speed machines.

ISO VG 46

Light commercial duties where film thickness demand is modest.

ISO VG 56

QISHANR 4GS — 56 cSt at 40 °C. The lighter grade in the GS series.

ISO VG 68

Mid-scale step used where bearing size and discharge heat rise together.

ISO VG 100

QISHANR 5GS — 100 cSt at 40 °C and 8.4 mm²/s at 100 °C, the highest viscosity in the GS series and the grade that holds maximum oil-film thickness in screw bearings.

4GS → 5GS comparison

5GS delivers 100 cSt at 40 °C — roughly 1.8× the viscosity of the 4GS grade at 56 cSt. That extra film thickness is the whole point of the step-up.

Three triggers that force the step up

  • 1 Compressor shaft diameter above 80 mm
  • 2 Discharge temperature up to 150 °C
  • 3 80–95 % continuous load capacity over extended periods

If any one of the three applies, stay on the ISO VG 100 rung rather than stepping down.

QISHANR 5GS Premium Heavy-Duty Mineral Refrigeration Oil 1L - ISO 100 Naphthenic Compressor Lubricant
Step 4

Confirm the grade against the specification table

Once the rung is set, every remaining number has to line up with the machine duty. This is the full published parameter set for the 5GS grade.

QISHANR 5GS Premium Heavy-Duty Mineral Refrigeration Oil 1L - ISO 100 Naphthenic Compressor Lubricant
BrandQISHANR
Product model5GS (pack reference 5GS-1L)
Oil typeMO — highly refined naphthenic mineral oil, wax-free
ISO viscosity gradeISO VG 100 (ISO 3448)
Kinematic viscosity @40 °C100 cSt
Kinematic viscosity @100 °C8.4 mm²/s
Density @20 °C918 kg/m³
Flash point (COC)190 °C
Pour point-30 °C
Wax contentLess than 0.5 %
Dielectric strengthExceeds 25 kV / 2.5 mm breakdown voltage
Compatible refrigerantsCFCs, HCFCs, R22, R717, R600a, R290
Compressor typesWater-cooled screw, reciprocating, scroll
Packaging1 L
Origin and manufacturerFoshan, Guangdong, China — own plant, Guangzhou Qishanr Technologies Co., Ltd.
MOQ10 PCS
Payment termsT/T, L/C
Price termsEXW, FOB, CFR, CIF
Supply ability1000 PCS / year

Critical property gates: pass or fail

Each gate is a threshold. A candidate oil either clears it or it does not — there is no partial credit.

Flash point (COC)Pass
Gate: ≥ 190 °C
5GS: 190 °C

Keeps the oil thermally stable where discharge temperatures reach 150 °C, preventing carbon deposit build-up on discharge valves and ports in screw compressors running 80–95 % load for long periods.

Pour pointPass
Gate: ≤ -30 °C
5GS: -30 °C

Keeps the oil flowing roughly 20 °C below typical evaporator conditions, which is what prevents oil starvation after extended off-cycles in ambient temperatures down to -20 °C.

Wax contentPass
Gate: < 0.5 %
5GS: wax-free, < 0.5 %

Stops flocculation in the oil-refrigerant mixture at evaporator temperatures down to -40 °C and keeps oil moving through suction lines and oil separators on runs beyond 50 metres.

Dielectric breakdownPass
Gate: > 25 kV / 2.5 mm
5GS: exceeds 25 kV / 2.5 mm

The gate that qualifies an oil for direct contact with motor windings in semi-hermetic compressors rated up to 500 kW.

Density @20 °CPass
Gate: ≈ 918 kg/m³
5GS: 918 kg/m³

Sets predictable phase behaviour with R22 and R717, which is what allows accurate oil-separator sizing and reliable gravity-based oil return in vertical riser configurations.

Deposit controlPass
Gate: clear minimum 0.8 mm oil ports
5GS: anti-deposit additive package

Inhibits varnish and sludge on bearing journals and thrust surfaces, keeps 0.8 mm oil ports and capillary tubes open, and supports oil change intervals of 8,000+ operating hours under normal conditions.

Step 5

Worked selection scenarios

Three real duty patterns, run through the ladder and the gates. Each card shows the inputs, the grade that results, and the specification that carried the decision.

Scenario 1 · Ammonia screw cold storage
Inputs
  • Refrigerant: R717
  • Compressor: water-cooled screw
  • Evaporator: -40 °C
  • Piping run: 60 m
→
Result
QISHANR 5GS · ISO VG 100

Why: the -40 °C evaporator demands a wax-free base below 0.5 % wax to stop flocculation, and the 60 m run exceeds the 50 m point where oil return has to be engineered rather than assumed.

Scenario 2 · HCFC semi-hermetic chiller
Inputs
  • Refrigerant: R22
  • Compressor: reciprocating / semi-hermetic
  • Motor in suction gas: up to 500 kW
  • Hard requirement: dielectric strength
→
Result
5GS — if both gates pass

Why: the dielectric gate must clear 25 kV / 2.5 mm because the oil touches the windings, and the viscosity gate must still satisfy the reciprocating bearing load. 5GS clears both.

Scenario 3 · Extended off-cycle plant
Inputs
  • Refrigerant: R717 or R22
  • Ambient during off-cycle: -20 °C
  • Piping run: over 50 m
  • Layout: vertical riser
→
Result
QISHANR 5GS · ISO VG 100

Why: the -30 °C pour point keeps the oil fluid well below the -20 °C ambient so restart is not starved, and the 918 kg/m³ density supports gravity return up a vertical riser.

Step 6

Mis-selection failure map

Work backwards from the symptom. Each row links an observed failure to its root cause and to the property that would have prevented it.

Symptom Root cause Correct selection
Wax flocculation and oil logging at the evaporator Base oil with wax content above 0.5 % dropping out of the mixture at low evaporator temperature Wax-free naphthenic base oil — 5GS holds wax below 0.5 % and stays clear down to -40 °C
Oil starvation after an extended off-cycle at -20 °C ambient Pour point too close to ambient, so the oil will not flow back on restart Pour point of -30 °C or lower — 5GS is rated at -30 °C for cold-start reliability
Carbon deposits on discharge valves and ports Flash point too low for sustained 150 °C discharge at 80–95 % load Flash point of at least 190 °C (COC) — 5GS is rated at 190 °C
Sludge blocking 0.8 mm oil ports and capillary tubes Varnish and sludge formation on bearing journals and thrust surfaces, blocking minimum-diameter passages An anti-deposit additive package — 5GS inhibits varnish and sludge and supports 8,000+ hour change intervals
QISHANR 5GS Premium Heavy-Duty Mineral Refrigeration Oil 1L - ISO 100 Naphthenic Compressor Lubricant

Reading the map

Every symptom above traces back to one property gate. When a machine has already failed, identify which gate was missed before changing grade — otherwise the same failure returns on fresh oil.

Send us the failure details and duty parameters →
Step 7

Direct replacement and cross-reference check

If the machine already has a grade stamped in the manual, match it here before ordering. These are the references the 5GS product page states.

QISHANR 5GS Premium Heavy-Duty Mineral Refrigeration Oil 1L - ISO 100 Naphthenic Compressor Lubricant
Direct replacement Bitzer B5.2

5GS is stated to meet the Bitzer B5.2 viscosity, flash point and pour point specifications.

Cross-references
  • Suniso 5GS
  • Suniso 5GSD
  • York / Frick E
  • McQuay F
  • Fusheng FS100M

Equivalence note

These references are stated at grade level. Before draining a system, compare viscosity, flash point and pour point against your OEM sheet and have our engineers review the changeover plan — we do not publish a changeover procedure for machines we have not seen.

Confirm My Cross-Reference

Send us your parameters, get a grade and a quote

You have the inputs — refrigerant, machine, temperatures and pipe run. Pass them across and we will return the 5GS suitability check, a technical data sheet and a landed price.

  • Refrigerant and compressor type
  • Evaporator and discharge temperatures
  • Piping run length and riser layout
  • Existing grade or OEM reference, if any
MOQ10 PCS
PaymentT/T · L/C
Price termsEXW · FOB · CFR · CIF
Supply ability1000 PCS / year

Bulk orders, OEM/ODM customization and label or pack customization are handled directly: sales012@qishanr.com · +86-185 6502 3085 · Foshan, Guangdong, China. Products are SGS certified, from a manufacturer with over 10 years of production experience.

QISHANR 5GS Premium Heavy-Duty Mineral Refrigeration Oil 1L - ISO 100 Naphthenic Compressor Lubricant

Related Reading

Three notes to help clarify product requirements before contacting the supplier.

Why Wax-Free Naphthenic Base Oil Matters in Ammonia Refrigeration

Wax-free naphthenic base oil keeps ammonia refrigeration oil moving at low evaporator temperatures, and that movement is what protects oil return.

Read article

Refrigeration Oil Behavior in R717 Ammonia Cold Storage Systems

R717 ammonia cold storage relies on oil separators, return lines, and low-temperature fluidity because ammonia carries mineral oil differently from HFC systems.

Read article

What Does ISO VG 100 Do in an R717 Screw Compressor?

ISO VG 100 is the most industrial ammonia screw packages are built around, and matching it to actual load and evaporating temperature is what keeps rotor bearings alive.

Read article

Frequently Asked Questions

how do i choose between iso vg grades for a refrigeration compressor oil?

work in three steps: confirm the refrigerant and the base-oil chemistry it requires, identify the compressor architecture and lubrication regime, then set the viscosity grade from shaft size and duty. in the qishanr gs series, 4gs is 56 cst at 40 °c and 5gs is 100 cst at 40 °c.

what is the difference between qishanr 4gs and 5gs?

5gs is iso vg 100 with a kinematic viscosity of 100 cst at 40 °c; 4gs is 56 cst at 40 °c. 5gs is approximately 1.8 times the viscosity of 4gs, which is why it is specified where screw compressor bearings run with shaft diameters above 80 mm.

is 5gs suitable for r717 ammonia cold storage?

r717 is listed among the compatible refrigerants on the 5gs product page. the wax-free naphthenic base oil holds wax below 0.5 %, so the oil-refrigerant mixture does not flocculate at evaporator temperatures down to -40 °c, and the 918 kg/m³ density supports predictable phase behaviour for separator sizing and gravity oil return.

can 5gs be used in a semi-hermetic compressor up to 500 kw?

yes, when the dielectric gate is met. 5gs provides electrical insulation exceeding 25 kv / 2.5 mm breakdown voltage and is stated as safe for direct contact with motor windings in semi-hermetic compressors rated up to 500 kw. confirm the viscosity and dielectric gates for your specific duty.

what does 5gs directly replace?

5gs meets the bitzer b5.2 viscosity, flash point and pour point specifications and cross-references suniso 5gs/5gsd, york/frick e, mcquay f and fusheng fs100m. confirm the equivalence and the changeover plan with qishanr engineers before switching a system.

what are the ordering terms and packaging?

5gs ships in a 1 l pack with an moq of 10 pcs. payment terms are t/t or l/c and price terms are exw, fob, cfr or cif, with a stated supply ability of 1000 pcs per year. oem/odm customization and technical model selection support are available through the contact page.

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